We also asked them how much they had bet in the past 24 hours, and how much they intended to bet in the next 24 hours.
This allowed us to compare their intended expenditure with their actual expenditure, and whether any differences between the two were related to certain types of direct messages.
Our results suggest emails made people think about betting, but texts were more likely to make people actually do it, at least within the next 24 hours.
And we know that people who are most vulnerable to gambling-related harm often have accounts with multiple operators, and are far more likely to receive a high number of such messages.
We should expect text messages from gambling operators to increase. And for some obvious reasons: They are effective and relatively cheap. Think about your smartphone. You may receive emails all the time, but do you disregard most of them? Marketing statistics suggest only about 22 per cent of emails are opened. In contrast, we open the majority of our text messages, and more quickly. Clearly, text messaging is a good way for gambling companies to make you react.
But private messages also offer features that are not available in more public advertising, like television or billboard ads. In particular, they can be tailored to the person. We call this behavioural insights or behavioural tracking, and gambling operators are beginning to use it.